Edwards M
Naval Aerospace and Operational Medical Institute, Naval Air Station Pensacola, FL, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 Dec;67(12):1144-7.
A previous study examined anthropometric variables to determine possible ejection seat risk factors. It concluded that individuals who weighed below the average body weight or who met the criteria of having a tall, thin physique as measured by body mass index (BMI = kg.m-2) were significantly more at risk for acceleration induced back injuries.
Because of the increased number of female pilots and the potential need to modify ejection seats for lighter aviators, this retrospective analysis of Naval Safety Center data attempted to reproduce and confirm the same results with more current data, covering a 5-yr period from Jan 1989-Dec 1993.
In this study, the same criteria were used to define back injury, including thoracic or lumbar vertebral fractures and soft tissue injuries, and the same anthropometric variables were used, including weight, height, BMI, and below average weight. Additional categories of injury were examined, including all spinal fractures alone without soft tissue back injuries, all injuries combined, and severity of injury. Sitting height and trunk height were added to the variables.
Out of 810 aircrew involved in mishaps, 199 ejected. Of all the ejections, 111 (56%) had some type of injury as a result of the ejection. Severe injuries occurred in 8 (4%) including 4 (2%) fatalities. Back injuries occurred in 44 (22%), and 8 (4%) involved spinal fractures. Although there were no significant risk factors for ejection back injury, weight and height were statistically significant risk factors for severe injury and spinal fracture, respectively.
Aircrew with severe injury were heavier (average weight 88 kg. vs. 79 kg.). In addition, taller aircrew (185 vs. 180 cm.) were at increased risk for any spinal fracture.
先前的一项研究对人体测量学变量进行了研究，以确定可能的弹射座椅危险因素。研究得出结论，体重低于平均体重或通过体重指数（BMI=kg/m²）测量符合高瘦体型标准的个体，因加速度导致背部受伤的风险显著更高。
由于女性飞行员数量增加以及可能需要为体重较轻的飞行员改装弹射座椅，这项对海军安全中心数据的回顾性分析试图用更新的数据重现并确认相同结果，数据涵盖1989年1月至1993年12月的5年期间。
在本研究中，使用相同的标准来定义背部损伤，包括胸椎或腰椎骨折以及软组织损伤，并且使用相同的人体测量学变量，包括体重、身高、BMI和体重低于平均水平。还检查了其他损伤类别，包括仅所有脊柱骨折而无软组织背部损伤、所有损伤合并以及损伤严重程度。将坐高和躯干高度添加到变量中。
在810名参与事故的机组人员中，199人进行了弹射。在所有弹射事件中，111人（56%）因弹射受到某种类型的损伤。严重损伤发生在8人（4%），包括4人（2%）死亡。背部损伤发生在44人（22%），8人（4%）涉及脊柱骨折。虽然没有弹射背部损伤的显著危险因素，但体重和身高分别是严重损伤和脊柱骨折的统计学显著危险因素。
受重伤的机组人员体重更重（平均体重88千克对79千克）。此外，身高较高的机组人员（185厘米对180厘米）发生任何脊柱骨折的风险增加。
