Acker M M, O'Leary S G
State University of New York at Stony Brook 11790-2500, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Dec;24(6):703-14. doi: 10.1007/BF01664735.
The general hypothesis that mothers' inconsistent discipline can cause children to misbehave was examined. Mothers, who were otherwise engaged in a telephone conversation, were instructed to respond to toddlers' inappropriate demands for attention with either consistent reprimands or with one of a variety of inconsistent strategies. Reprimanding half of the child's demands and providing positive attention to the rest of the demands resulted in high rates of both demands for mothers' attention and children's negative affect. Reprimanding half the children's demands and ignoring the other demands did not have deleterious effects nor did reprimanding and attending to the same demand half of the time and ignoring the other demands. Thus, clear, positive feedback for inappropriate demands is a type of inconsistent discipline that can cause normal toddlers to become "terrible twos."
对母亲不一致的管教方式会导致孩子行为不端这一普遍假设进行了检验。让正在进行电话交谈的母亲们，按照一致的斥责方式或多种不一致的策略之一，对蹒跚学步的孩子不适当的寻求关注的行为做出回应。斥责孩子一半的需求，而对另一半需求给予积极关注，导致孩子对母亲关注的需求和负面情绪都很高。斥责孩子一半的需求而忽略另一半需求，并没有产生有害影响；同样，一半时间斥责并回应同一需求，另一半时间忽略其他需求，也没有产生有害影响。因此，对不适当需求给予明确、积极的反馈是一种不一致的管教方式，它会使正常的蹒跚学步的孩子变成“难缠的两岁幼儿”。
