Barlow J H, Williams B, Wright C
Arthritis Care Res. 1996 Jun;9(3):189-96. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199606)9:3<189::aid-anr1790090307>3.0.co;2-#.
To examine the comprehensibility, reliability, and validity of a trait measure, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), among people with arthritis. The scale is designed to measure perceived coping ability across a wide range of demanding situations.
Four studies were conducted. Study 1 tested the comprehensibility of the GSES. Studies 2, 3, and 4 tested the reliability and validity of the modified scale. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Reliability and structure of the GSES were examined using standard item analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability, and factor analyses. Concurrent and predictive validity were examined in relation to demographic, physical, psychological, and social dimensions.
The GSES assessed a unitary concept. Higher generalized self-efficacy was associated with greater psychological well-being, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The GSES was independent of age and physical health status.
The GSES is a reliable and valid measure for use among community-based samples of people with arthritis and may be a useful indicator of general adaptational outcomes.
检验特质测量工具——一般自我效能量表（GSES）在关节炎患者中的可理解性、可靠性和有效性。该量表旨在测量个体在各种高要求情境下所感知到的应对能力。
开展了四项研究。研究1测试了GSES的可理解性。研究2、3和4测试了修订后量表的可靠性和有效性。通过自填式问卷收集数据。使用标准项目分析、内部一致性（克朗巴哈α系数）、重测信度和因子分析来检验GSES的可靠性和结构。从人口统计学、身体、心理和社会维度方面检验了同时效度和预测效度。
GSES评估的是一个单一概念。无论是横断面研究还是纵向研究，较高的一般自我效能感都与更好的心理健康状况相关。GSES独立于年龄和身体健康状况。
GSES是一种可靠且有效的测量工具，可用于以社区为基础的关节炎患者样本，并且可能是一般适应性结果的有用指标。
