Wilsey P W, Vincent J H, Bishop M J, Brosseau L M, Greaves I A
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Dec;57(12):1149-53. doi: 10.1080/15428119691014260.
Several recent studies have compared worker personal aerosol exposures as measured by the current method with those obtained by a new approach based on collecting the inhalable fraction, intended to represent all the particles that are capable of entering through the nose and/or mouth during breathing. The present study investigated this relationship for a metal machining facility where aerosols were generated from severely refined, nonaqueous ("straight") cutting oils used during the lathe working of metal rod stock. Workers (n = 23) wore two personal aerosol samplers simulataneously, one of the 37-mm type (for "total" aerosol exposure, E37) and the other of the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) type (for inhalable aerosol exposure, EIOM). The data were analyzed by weighted least squares linear regression to determine the coefficient S in the relation EIOM = S.E37. It was found that S = 2.96 +/- 0.60. This ratio-in which exposure to inhalable aerosol was greater than to "total" aerosol-is consistent with previous observations in other industries. The relative coarsenss of the oil mist aerosol, as estimated by cascade impactor measurements, probably explains the difference between the sampling methods. The collection of large "splash" droplets, may also contribute. Future occupational aerosol standards for metalworking fluids will be based on the new, health-related criteria, and exposures will be assessed on the basis of the inhalable fraction. Results of studies like that described here will enable assessment of the impact on future workplace aerosol exposure assessments of introducing new standards.
最近的几项研究将用当前方法测量的工人个人气溶胶暴露量与通过一种基于收集可吸入部分的新方法获得的暴露量进行了比较，该可吸入部分旨在代表在呼吸过程中能够通过鼻子和/或嘴巴进入的所有颗粒。本研究调查了一家金属加工工厂中的这种关系，在该工厂中，气溶胶是由金属棒材车削加工过程中使用的经过严格精炼的非水（“纯”）切削油产生的。23名工人同时佩戴了两个个人气溶胶采样器，一个是37毫米类型（用于“总”气溶胶暴露，E37），另一个是职业医学研究所（IOM）类型（用于可吸入气溶胶暴露，EIOM）。通过加权最小二乘线性回归分析数据，以确定关系EIOM = S.E37中的系数S。结果发现S = 2.96 +/- 0.60。这种可吸入气溶胶暴露量大于“总”气溶胶暴露量的比率与其他行业先前的观察结果一致。通过串联冲击器测量估计的油雾气溶胶的相对粗粒度可能解释了采样方法之间的差异。大“飞溅”液滴的收集也可能有影响。未来金属加工液的职业气溶胶标准将基于新的、与健康相关的标准，并且将根据可吸入部分评估暴露量。此处所述此类研究的结果将有助于评估引入新标准对未来工作场所气溶胶暴露评估的影响。
