Mejean L, Stricker-Krongrad A, Lluch A
Unité de Recherches sur les Mécanismes de Régulation du Comportement Alimentaire (Unité INSERM U308), Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1996 Sep;44(7):603-9.
The "nutrition" function is fulfilled by a succession of physiologic actions of which the first is eating and the last is the intracellular metabolism of nutrients. These actions involve not only sensory processes subjected to neurocentral regulation but also peripheral metabolic, and hormonal processes. The physiologic "nutrition" function involves a number of parameters for which fundamental rhythms have been demonstrated, such as eating behaviors, intra- and extracellular metabolisms, hormone secretions and their effects on target organs, and use of food and nutrients. Each of these rhythms can be demonstrated under physiologic conditions but can be modified by environmental factors (temperature, light, seasons, physical and mental activity), disease states (many diseases can produce profound alterations in nutritional regulation processes), and drugs. Interactions between these rhythms also exist; for instance, eating behavior rhythms can be modified by sociocultural pressures and this can, in turn, modify the fundamental rhythms of biologic parameters. The unit of time that allows the study of these rhythms varies: in addition to circadian and ultradian rhythms, weekly (cisaseptian) and annual (circannual) cyclical changes should be taken into account when investigating human nutrition.
“营养”功能是通过一系列生理作用实现的，其中首先是进食，最后是营养物质的细胞内代谢。这些作用不仅涉及受神经中枢调节的感觉过程，还涉及外周代谢和激素过程。生理“营养”功能涉及许多已证明存在基本节律的参数，如进食行为、细胞内和细胞外代谢、激素分泌及其对靶器官的影响，以及食物和营养物质的利用。这些节律中的每一种在生理条件下都可以得到证明，但会受到环境因素（温度、光照、季节、身体和精神活动）、疾病状态（许多疾病可在营养调节过程中产生深刻改变）和药物的影响。这些节律之间也存在相互作用；例如，进食行为节律可因社会文化压力而改变，进而又可改变生物学参数的基本节律。用于研究这些节律的时间单位各不相同：在研究人类营养时，除了昼夜节律和超日节律外，还应考虑每周（七天周期）和每年（年周期）的周期性变化。
