Dollinger S J, Preston L A, O'Brien S P, DiLalla D L
Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 62901, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Dec;71(6):1268-78. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1268.
Using R. C. Ziller's (1990) method of autophotography, the authors studied the duality of relatedness and individuality. A total of 226 young adults used photos (and words) to portray "who they are". Photo essays were scored for objective codes (e.g., people touching) and subjectively rated for individuality (richness of self-depiction). As predicted, persons who emphasized their personal rather than social identity depicted greater individuality; relatedness was associated with social and collective identity. Other results replicated earlier gender differences in relatedness and associations of individuality and relatedness with the 5-factor model. In the 2nd wave of the sample, individuality was associated with higher ego development, maturity, and self-directed values; low individuality was associated with restrictive conformity and security values. The authors suggest that the combination of individuality and relatedness is optimal for human development.
作者运用R. C. 齐勒（1990）的自动摄影法，研究了关联性与个性的二元性。共有226名年轻人用照片（和文字）来描绘“自己是谁”。对照片短文进行客观编码（如人物接触）评分，并对个性进行主观评分（自我描述的丰富程度）。正如预测的那样，强调个人而非社会身份的人展现出更强的个性；关联性与社会和集体身份相关。其他结果重现了早期在关联性方面的性别差异，以及个性和关联性与五因素模型的关联。在样本的第二波研究中，个性与更高的自我发展、成熟度和自我导向价值观相关；低个性与限制性从众和安全价值观相关。作者认为，个性与关联性的结合对人类发展最为理想。
