压力极大的城市儿童的心理韧性：概念与研究结果
Resilience in highly stressed urban children: concepts and findings.
作者信息
Cowen E L, Wyman P A, Work W C
机构信息
Center for Community Study, University of Rochester, New York, USA.
出版信息
Bull N Y Acad Med. 1996 Winter;73(2):267-84.
The Rochester Child Resilience Project is a coordinated set of studies of the correlates and antecedents of outcomes relating to resilience among profoundly stressed urban children. The studies have been conducted over the course of the past decade. Based on child test data, parent, teacher, and self ratings of child adjustment, and in-depth individual interviews with parents and children, a cohesive picture has developed of child and family milieu variables that consistently differentiate children with resilient versus stress-affected outcomes within this highly stressed sample. Resilient children are characterized by an easy temperament and higher IQ; sound parent/child relationships; a parent's sense of efficacy; the parent's own wellness, especially mental health; and the child's perceived competence, realistic control, empathy, and social problem-solving.
罗切斯特儿童复原力项目是一系列针对极度压力下城市儿童复原力相关因素及结果前因的协同研究。这些研究在过去十年间开展。基于儿童测试数据、家长、教师对儿童适应情况的评分以及对家长和儿童的深入个体访谈，已形成一幅连贯的图景，展现出在这个高压力样本中，始终能区分出具有复原力与受压力影响结果的儿童及其家庭环境变量。具有复原力的儿童具有以下特点：性格随和、智商较高；亲子关系良好；家长的效能感；家长自身的健康状况，尤其是心理健康；以及儿童的自我认知能力、现实掌控力、同理心和社会问题解决能力。
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