Lavdovskaia M V, Lysenko A Ia, Basova E N, Lozovaia G A, Baleva L S, Rybalkina T N
Parazitologiia. 1996 Mar-Apr;30(2):153-8.
The aim of this study was to determine an influence of ionized radiation on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Pneumocystis carinii (P. c.) infections in children inhabitants of settlements affected by radionuclides after Chernobyl accident. Survey of children from day-care centers for prevalence of Cryptosporidium was carried out in Bryansk region, Russia, and Gomel and Mogilev regions, Belarus; children from cities Mogilev and Gomel as well as small town Pochep, Bryansk region, serve as control clean zones. Survey for P. c. seroprevalence was carried out in town Novozybkov, Bryansk region, Specific Ab to P. c. determined by "Pneumo-test" system (Nyarmedic. Moscow. Russia), an evaluation of immune status included assessment of Ig in serum and saliva by Manchini method. Results of the study were as follows: 1) of 432 healthy children surveyed for Cryptosporidium oocysts 352 were from affected regions: the prevalence in Bryansk region was 8% vs. 2.8% in control, in Gomel and Mogilev 4.1% vs. 2.8%. 2) Prevalence anti-P.c. Ab accounts 56.3% in children and 78.2% in adult inhabitants of Novozybkov vs. 30% in children of control group. Special interest presents an relationship of seroprevalence P.c. and secretory immunity examined twice with 2 month interval. At the first survey IgG in seropositive for P. c. children was found in 36.8% (vs. 23.1% in control) and secretary IgA in 13.2% vs. 5.8% in control. At the second survey IgG was found in 53.4% vs. 21.8% and IgA in 2.7% vs. 1.8% in control. Taking into consideration the known fact that IgG and IgA in saliva are result of their transudation from blood through the inflammatory mucosa we consider that long ionized radiation impairs the barrier function of mucosae.
本研究的目的是确定电离辐射对切尔诺贝利事故后受放射性核素影响地区儿童隐孢子虫和卡氏肺孢子虫（P. c.）感染率的影响。在俄罗斯布良斯克地区以及白俄罗斯的戈梅利和莫吉廖夫地区，对日托中心儿童进行了隐孢子虫感染率调查；来自莫吉廖夫和戈梅利市以及布良斯克地区的小镇波切普的儿童作为清洁对照区。在布良斯克地区的新兹布科夫镇进行了卡氏肺孢子虫血清阳性率调查，用“Pneumo-test”系统（俄罗斯莫斯科Nyarmedic公司）测定卡氏肺孢子虫特异性抗体，通过曼基尼法评估血清和唾液中的免疫球蛋白来评估免疫状态。研究结果如下：1）在接受隐孢子虫卵囊调查的432名健康儿童中，352名来自受影响地区：布良斯克地区的感染率为8%，而对照区为2.8%；在戈梅利和莫吉廖夫地区为4.1%，对照区为2.8%。2）新兹布科夫镇儿童抗卡氏肺孢子虫抗体阳性率为56.3%，成年居民为78.2%，而对照组儿童为30%。特别值得关注的是卡氏肺孢子虫血清阳性率与间隔两个月进行的两次分泌性免疫检查之间的关系。在第一次调查中，卡氏肺孢子虫血清阳性儿童中IgG阳性率为36.8%（对照区为23.1%），分泌型IgA阳性率为13.2%，对照区为5.8%。在第二次调查中，IgG阳性率为53.4%，对照区为21.8%，IgA阳性率为2.7%，对照区为1.8%。考虑到唾液中的IgG和IgA是它们通过炎症黏膜从血液中渗出的结果这一已知事实，我们认为长期电离辐射会损害黏膜的屏障功能。
