Miller H R
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1996 Nov;54(1-4):331-6. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05696-6.
IgE-mediated Type-I allergic reactions at nematode-infected mucosal surfaces are considered to have a direct protective function. The contribution of mucosal mast cells (MMC) to these mucosal allergic responses is reviewed. In addition to the T helper 2 cell-mediated regulation of MMC hyperplasia during nematode infection the kit ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), plays a key role in the early development of the MMC response. Studies in the mouse suggest that MMC protect against certain nematodes which enter the mucosa but not against lumen dwelling nematodes. The protective roles of MMC in other species, including sheep, are less certain and there is some evidence that MMC might enhance parasite fecundity. The measurement of MMC-specific granule chymases released systemically, and into the gut lumen, permits precise monitoring of mast cell activation and suggests that the secreted chymases may target epithelial junctional complex proteins, thereby causing increased mucosal permeability. The abundant intraepithelial MMC found in parasitised mucosa may, therefore, serve as epithelial gatekeepers permitting the translocation of plasma proteins onto the mucosal surface.
IgE介导的线虫感染黏膜表面I型过敏反应被认为具有直接保护功能。本文综述了黏膜肥大细胞（MMC）对这些黏膜过敏反应的作用。除了在感染线虫期间辅助性T细胞2介导的MMC增生调控外，试剂盒配体、干细胞因子（SCF）在MMC反应的早期发展中起关键作用。小鼠研究表明，MMC可抵御某些进入黏膜的线虫，但对寄生在肠腔的线虫无效。MMC在包括绵羊在内的其他物种中的保护作用尚不确定，有证据表明MMC可能会提高寄生虫的繁殖力。全身和肠腔内释放的MMC特异性颗粒糜蛋白酶的测量，有助于精确监测肥大细胞的激活，并表明分泌的糜蛋白酶可能靶向上皮连接复合体蛋白，从而导致黏膜通透性增加。因此，在寄生虫感染的黏膜中发现的丰富上皮内MMC可能作为上皮守门人，允许血浆蛋白转运到黏膜表面。
