Crawford H J, Clarke S W, Kitner-Triolo M
Department of Psychology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1996 Dec;24(3):239-66. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00067-0.
EEG correlates of self-generated happy and sad emotions during counterbalanced conditions of waking and hypnosis were investigated in 16 low ("lows') and 15 highly ("highs') hypnotizable men, as assessed by the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. Using log mean spectral magnitude, 11 frequency bands (3.5-42 Hz) were evaluated at frontal (F3, F4), central (C3, C4), and parietal (P3, P4) regions. As anticipated, only parietal hemispheric differences in low alpha activity (7.5-9.45 Hz) differentiated between emotions, whereas mid and high alpha activity (9.5-13.45 Hz) did not. There was significantly less low alpha activity in right parietal (P4) in sad than happy emotions, supportive of prior research showing relatively greater right hemispheric involvement in negative than positive emotions. Yet, overall there was more low alpha activity in the left parietal (P3) region. During sadness only in waking, low beta (13.5-15.45 Hz) activity was greater in the right than left frontal region, greater in the left than right central region, and similar in both hemispheres in the parietal region. As anticipated, in comparison to lows, highs showed significantly greater hemispheric asymmetries (right greater than left) in the parietal region in high theta (5.5-7.45 Hz), high alpha (11.5-13.45 Hz), and beta activity between 16.5 and 25 Hz-all frequency bands that are associated with sustained attentional processing. Results support prior research (for reviews, see Crawford, 1994a; Crawford and Gruzelier, 1992) that highs have greater sustained attentional abilities than do lows, which is reflected in different regional brain dynamics. Future EEG research needs to address narrower EEG frequency bands, as well as consider the moderating effects of hypnotic susceptibility level in observed hemispheric asymmetries.
在清醒和催眠的平衡条件下，对16名低催眠易感性（“低敏感者”）和15名高催眠易感性（“高敏感者”）男性进行了研究，通过哈佛团体催眠易感性量表和斯坦福催眠易感性量表C型评估，探究自我产生的快乐和悲伤情绪的脑电图相关性。使用对数平均谱幅值，在额叶（F3、F4）、中央（C3、C4）和顶叶（P3、P4）区域评估了11个频段（3.5 - 42赫兹）。正如预期的那样，只有顶叶半球在低α活动（7.5 - 9.45赫兹）上的差异区分了不同情绪，而中α和高α活动（9.5 - 13.45赫兹）则没有。悲伤情绪时右侧顶叶（P4）的低α活动明显少于快乐情绪，这支持了先前的研究，即右侧半球在负性情绪中比在正性情绪中参与度相对更高。然而，总体而言，左侧顶叶（P3）区域的低α活动更多。仅在清醒状态下的悲伤情绪期间，低β（13.5 - 15.45赫兹）活动在右侧额叶区域大于左侧，在左侧中央区域大于右侧，在顶叶区域两侧半球相似。正如预期的那样，与低敏感者相比，高敏感者在高θ（5.5 - 7.45赫兹）、高α（11.5 - 13.45赫兹）以及16.5至25赫兹之间的β活动的顶叶区域显示出明显更大的半球不对称性（右侧大于左侧）——所有这些频段都与持续的注意力加工相关。结果支持了先前的研究（综述见克劳福德，1994a；克劳福德和格鲁泽利尔，1992），即高敏感者比低敏感者具有更强的持续注意力能力，这反映在不同的区域脑动力学上。未来的脑电图研究需要关注更窄的脑电图频段，并考虑催眠易感性水平在观察到的半球不对称性中的调节作用。
