Cnattingius S, Nordström M L
Department of Social Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 1996 Dec;85(12):1400-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13943.x.
Smoking during pregnancy has in many countries replaced poverty as the most important preventable risk factor for an unsuccessful pregnancy outcome. Maternal smoking induces fetal hypoxia and morphological changes in the placenta, which increase the risks of intrauterine growth retardation and placental abruption, which may cause late fetal death and possibly also neonatal mortality. Smoking influences post-neonatal mortality through increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but why maternal smoking increases the risk of SIDS is essentially unknown. In reducing the overall smoking prevalence in society, general preventive measures have been successful. Such measures, which aim at preventing young girls from starting to smoke are in the long run the most effective way to reduce smoking during pregnancy.
在许多国家，孕期吸烟已取代贫困，成为导致妊娠结局不良的最重要的可预防风险因素。孕妇吸烟会导致胎儿缺氧以及胎盘形态改变，从而增加胎儿宫内生长受限和胎盘早剥的风险，这可能会导致胎儿晚期死亡，甚至可能导致新生儿死亡。吸烟会通过增加婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）的风险来影响新生儿后期死亡率，但孕妇吸烟为何会增加SIDS的风险基本上尚不清楚。在降低社会总体吸烟率方面，一般预防措施已取得成功。从长远来看，旨在防止年轻女孩开始吸烟的此类措施是减少孕期吸烟的最有效方法。
