Hanrahan A, Reutter L
Capital Health Authority, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Jan;25(1):144-54. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025144.x.
This article reviews the literature related to the epidemiology, prevention and management of sharps injuries in health care workers, particularly nurses, and the subsequent risk of harm. The studies are reviewed chronologically, beginning with the efforts to reduce sharps injuries by changing behaviours, followed by the introduction of barriers to protect the caregiver, and finally, the engineering of safer products. Initial efforts to prevent sharps injuries focused on placing rigid, disposal containers at the site where sharps were used and instructing health care workers to refrain form the practice of recapping. When these interventions were shown to alter the type, but not the overall number, of sharps injuries, alternative measures were sought. This search intensified with the increasing evidence of the small, but measurable, risk of the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from sharps injuries. The current knowledge of the factors related to sharps injuries has been collected primarily through retrospective surveillance. This surveillance has been conducted primarily in hospital settings and has focused on the type of sharp and the purpose for which it was used rather than prospective research. Research is now needed to elucidate the organizational and behavioural factors leading to sharps injury both within the hospital as well as other health care settings. The implications for nursing practice are discussed.
本文回顾了与医护人员，尤其是护士的锐器伤流行病学、预防及处理，以及后续伤害风险相关的文献。研究按时间顺序进行回顾，首先是通过改变行为来减少锐器伤的努力，接着是引入屏障以保护护理人员，最后是设计更安全的产品。预防锐器伤的最初努力集中在锐器使用地点放置硬质处置容器，并指导医护人员避免回套针帽的做法。当这些干预措施显示出能改变锐器伤的类型，但不能改变其总数时，便开始寻求其他措施。随着越来越多证据表明锐器伤会传播人类免疫缺陷病毒，尽管风险较小但可测量，这种探索不断加强。目前关于锐器伤相关因素的知识主要通过回顾性监测收集。这种监测主要在医院环境中进行，且侧重于锐器类型及其使用目的，而非前瞻性研究。现在需要开展研究，以阐明医院及其他医护环境中导致锐器伤的组织和行为因素。文中还讨论了对护理实践的影响。
