Màsse L C, Tremblay R E
School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion Research and Development, University of Texas-Houston, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Jan;54(1):62-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130068014.
The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of personality dimensions measured at ages 6 and 10 years in predicting early onset of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and other drug use in boys. In addition, the stability of the prediction between the measurements at ages 6 and 10 years was investigated.
Data from a large longitudinal study of boys were used to assess the relation between childhood personality and the onset of substance use from 10 to 15 years of age. Childhood personalities were assessed by teachers' ratings of behaviors. Self-reports of smoking cigarettes, getting drunk, and using other drugs provided the measurement of substance use. Discrete-time survival analysis was used for the statistical analyses.
High novelty-seeking and low harm avoidance significantly predict early onset of substance use (eg, cigarettes, alcohol, and other drugs), but reward dependence was unrelated to any of the outcomes studied. The results also indicated that either set of predictors (ie, the personality dimensions measured at ages 6 and 10 years) could be used to predict onset of cigarette smoking, getting drunk, and other drug use, because the power of prediction was similar between the measurements at ages 6 and 10 years.
High novelty-seeking and low harm avoidance lead to early onset of substance use in boys. The stability of the prediction between ages 6 and 10 years suggests that the kindergarten assessments may be used for preventive efforts at school entry instead of waiting until early adolescence.
本研究旨在评估6岁和10岁时测量的人格维度对预测男孩吸烟、酗酒及其他药物使用早发情况的有效性。此外，还研究了6岁和10岁测量结果之间预测的稳定性。
来自一项针对男孩的大型纵向研究的数据被用于评估儿童期人格与10至15岁物质使用开始之间的关系。儿童期人格通过教师对行为的评分来评估。吸烟、醉酒及使用其他药物的自我报告提供了物质使用的测量数据。采用离散时间生存分析进行统计分析。
高寻求新奇和低避免伤害显著预测物质使用（如香烟、酒精和其他药物）的早发，但奖赏依赖与所研究的任何结果均无关。结果还表明，任何一组预测因素（即6岁和10岁时测量的人格维度）均可用于预测吸烟、醉酒及其他药物使用的开始，因为6岁和10岁测量结果之间的预测能力相似。
高寻求新奇和低避免伤害会导致男孩物质使用早发。6岁和10岁之间预测的稳定性表明，幼儿园评估可用于入学时的预防工作，而不必等到青春期早期。
