Buxbaum A, Georgopoulos A
Klinische Abteilung für Infektionen und Chemotherapie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Vienna, Austria.
Infection. 1996 Nov-Dec;24(6):459-64. doi: 10.1007/BF01713048.
A persistent suppression of bacterial growth following limited exposure to an antimicrobial agent, the postantibiotic effect (PAE), has been described for a variety of antibiotics and microorganisms. In this study the PAE of ceftriaxone and gentamicin was determined in vitro on three strains each of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus viridans. The strains were exposed to the substances for 2 h at varying concentrations. Ceftriaxone was used at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 1/2 MIC and gentamicin at 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC, and 1/8 MIC, each alone and in combination. Antibiotic concentrations were reduced by 1,000-fold dilution, bacterial regrowth was consequently monitored by viable count. The PAE of ceftriaxone alone reached up to 145 min (MIC) and 50 min (1/2 MIC), that of gentamicin alone up to 170 min (1/2 MIC), 135 min (1/4 MIC) and 70 min (1/8 MIC), depending on the bacterial species. Combinations of the antibiotics produced longer PAEs than one substance alone; the longest PAE was produced by the combination of ceftriaxone (MIC) and gentamicin (1/2 MIC) lasting up to 320 min (S. viridans). It may be important to take the PAE into account when evaluating dosing intervals.
有限接触抗菌剂后细菌生长的持续抑制，即抗生素后效应（PAE），已在多种抗生素和微生物中得到描述。在本研究中，测定了头孢曲松和庆大霉素对肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和草绿色链球菌各三株菌株的体外抗生素后效应。将这些菌株在不同浓度下暴露于这些物质2小时。头孢曲松分别以最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和1/2 MIC使用，庆大霉素分别以1/2 MIC、1/4 MIC和1/8 MIC使用，每种药物单独使用及联合使用。通过1000倍稀释降低抗生素浓度，随后通过活菌计数监测细菌再生长。单独使用头孢曲松的抗生素后效应长达145分钟（MIC）和50分钟（1/2 MIC），单独使用庆大霉素的抗生素后效应长达170分钟（1/2 MIC）、135分钟（1/4 MIC）和70分钟（1/8 MIC），具体取决于细菌种类。抗生素联合使用产生的抗生素后效应比单一药物更长；最长的抗生素后效应是由头孢曲松（MIC）和庆大霉素（1/2 MIC）联合使用产生的，长达320分钟（草绿色链球菌）。在评估给药间隔时考虑抗生素后效应可能很重要。
