McDonald P J, Wetherall B L, Pruul H
Rev Infect Dis. 1981 Jan-Feb;3(1):38-44. doi: 10.1093/clinids/3.1.38.
Exposure of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to high levels of certain antibiotics for brief periods of time increases the susceptibility of the organisms to the antimicrobial action of normal human leukocytes. The degree of sensitization varies with the antibiotic used for the pretreatment of the bacteria and is most pronounced in pretreatment of E. coli with chloramphenicol. Studies on the rates of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli indicate that the postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement effect operates through increased susceptibility of antibiotic-damaged bacteria to the intracellular killing mechanisms of leukocytes. These observations may explain the efficacy of antimicrobial dosage regimens in which drug levels are below inhibitory concentrations for part of the dosage interval.
将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌短时间暴露于高浓度的某些抗生素下，会增加这些微生物对正常人白细胞抗菌作用的敏感性。致敏程度因用于预处理细菌的抗生素而异，在用氯霉素预处理大肠杆菌时最为明显。对大肠杆菌吞噬率和细胞内杀伤率的研究表明，抗生素后白细胞增强作用是通过抗生素损伤的细菌对白细胞细胞内杀伤机制的敏感性增加来实现的。这些观察结果可能解释了抗菌剂量方案的疗效，即在部分剂量间隔内药物水平低于抑制浓度。
