Estes W K
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1997 Jan;104(1):148-69. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.104.1.148.
The author proposes that many forms of memory distortion, including the progressive changes in recollection of a learning experience often observed over successive tests, are due to the same processes that yield veridical recollection in some circumstances and memory loss and recovery in others. In a framework for interpreting all of these aspects of memory, the author assumes that the objects and events of a learning experience are encoded in parallel in traces of their perceptual attributes, which are basic to recognition, and in traces of reactions made to the events during or following learning, which are basic to recall. Random perturbation of remembered attribute values in both types of traces over retention intervals is a pervasive cause of both loss and distortions of memory.
作者提出，许多形式的记忆扭曲，包括在连续测试中经常观察到的对学习经历回忆的渐进变化，都是由在某些情况下产生真实回忆、在其他情况下导致记忆丧失和恢复的相同过程引起的。在一个解释记忆所有这些方面的框架中，作者假设学习经历中的对象和事件在其感知属性的痕迹（这对识别至关重要）以及学习期间或之后对这些事件做出的反应的痕迹（这对回忆至关重要）中并行编码。在保持间隔期间，两种类型痕迹中记忆属性值的随机扰动是记忆丧失和扭曲的普遍原因。
