Patarca R, Fletcher M A
Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, E. M. Papper Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, FL 33101, USA.
Crit Rev Oncog. 1995;6(3-6):327-56. doi: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v6.i3-6.80.
Benzalkonium salts comprise a group of positively charged surface-active alkylamine biocides with the general formula alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or bromide. They interact with guanine nucleotide triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins), thereby affecting signal transduction in a variety of cell types and processes. The present report reviews the known and potential basic science research and clinical applications and manifestations of benzalkonium salts. Benzalkonium salts have antiproliferative effects on a variety of cells through G-protein-dependent pathways, affect cytokine gene expression, and are also effective bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal agents with multisite (direct and immunologically-mediated) inhibitory activity against many pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), papillomavirus, and herpesviruses. Therefore, benzalkonium salts not only appear to be effective as disinfectants and spermicides but may also prove useful in the prevention and treatment of neoplasias and other disease, particularly those linked to viruses and originating at the skin or mucosal surface.
苯扎氯铵盐是一类带正电荷的表面活性烷基胺杀菌剂，其通式为烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵或溴化铵。它们与鸟嘌呤核苷酸三磷酸结合蛋白（G蛋白）相互作用，从而影响多种细胞类型和过程中的信号转导。本报告综述了苯扎氯铵盐已知的和潜在的基础科学研究以及临床应用和表现。苯扎氯铵盐通过G蛋白依赖性途径对多种细胞具有抗增殖作用，影响细胞因子基因表达，并且还是有效的杀菌、杀真菌和杀病毒剂，对包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乳头瘤病毒和疱疹病毒在内的许多病原体具有多部位（直接和免疫介导）抑制活性。因此，苯扎氯铵盐不仅似乎可作为消毒剂和杀精剂有效发挥作用，而且可能在预防和治疗肿瘤及其他疾病，特别是那些与病毒相关且起源于皮肤或粘膜表面的疾病方面证明有用。
