Singh R B, Gupta U C, Mittal N, Niaz M A, Ghosh S, Rastogi V
Centre of Nutrition, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Feb;16(1):62-7. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1997.10718650.
To determine the association of trace elements and magnesium with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in rural and urban populations of India.
Cross-sectional surveys on the randomly selected municipal streets in Moradabad city and one village in Moradabad tahsil in North India.
There were 162 rural (86 men and 96 women) and 152 urban (80 men and 72 women) subjects between 26 to 65 years of age. Evaluations were obtained by physician- and dietitian-administered, validated questionnaires, physical examination, electrocardiogram and blood examination.
The prevalence of CAD and coronary risk factors was 2.5 times higher in the urban population compared to rural subjects (8.6 vs. 3.0%). In rural subjects, dietary intakes and plasma levels of vitamins and minerals were comparable with those of urban subjects except for higher dietary intake of magnesium in rural subjects and higher plasma vitamin A level in urban subjects. In both rural and urban subjects, low serum zinc (80 +/- 82 vs. 110 +/- 11.0 micrograms/dl, p < 0.05) and magnesium levels (1.60 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.71 +/- 0.41 mEQ/L, p < 0.05) and lower zinc/copper ratio (0.58 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.25 p < 0.50) were inversely associated with CAD. Serum levels of copper and iron were significantly higher and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins A, E and C and beta-carotene were significantly lower in patients with CAD compared to the rest of the subjects. In both rural (7.1 +/- 1.2 mg/day) and urban subjects (8.6 +/- 1.6 mg/day), zinc consumption was half of the recommended dietary allowances. Higher prevalence of CAD in urban compared to rural subjects was attributed to higher dietary fat intake and higher prevalence of risk factors in urban subjects.
The findings suggest that lower serum levels of zinc and magnesium and lower zinc copper ratio were inversely associated with CAD. It is possible that urban populations with higher risk of CAD may benefit by decreasing dietary fat intake and by increasing their intake of foods rich in zinc and magnesium.
确定印度城乡人口中微量元素和镁与冠状动脉疾病（CAD）风险之间的关联。
在印度北部莫拉达巴德市随机选择的市政街道和莫拉达巴德县的一个村庄进行横断面调查。
共有162名农村受试者（86名男性和96名女性）和152名城市受试者（80名男性和72名女性），年龄在26至65岁之间。通过医生和营养师管理的有效问卷、体格检查、心电图和血液检查进行评估。
城市人群中CAD和冠状动脉危险因素的患病率比农村受试者高2.5倍（8.6%对3.0%）。在农村受试者中，维生素和矿物质的饮食摄入量及血浆水平与城市受试者相当，但农村受试者的镁饮食摄入量较高，而城市受试者的血浆维生素A水平较高。在农村和城市受试者中，低血清锌水平（80±82对110±11.0微克/分升，p<0.05）、镁水平（1.60±0.36对1.71±0.41毫当量/升，p<0.05）以及较低的锌/铜比值（0.58±0.08对1.11±0.25，p<0.50）与CAD呈负相关。与其他受试者相比，CAD患者的血清铜和铁水平显著升高，抗氧化维生素A、E、C和β-胡萝卜素的血浆水平显著降低。在农村（7.1±1.2毫克/天）和城市受试者（8.6±1.6毫克/天）中，锌的摄入量均为推荐膳食摄入量的一半。城市受试者中CAD患病率高于农村受试者，这归因于城市受试者较高的膳食脂肪摄入量和较高的危险因素患病率。
研究结果表明，较低的血清锌和镁水平以及较低的锌铜比值与CAD呈负相关。CAD风险较高的城市人群可能通过减少膳食脂肪摄入以及增加富含锌和镁的食物摄入而获益。
