Singh R B, Niaz M A, Ghosh S, Beegom R, Rastogi V, Sharma J P, Dube G K
Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
Int J Cardiol. 1996 Oct 25;56(3):289-98; discussion 299-300. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(96)02760-x.
These cross-sectional surveys included 1769 rural (894 men and 875 women) and 1806 urban (904 men and 902 women) randomly selected subjects between 25-64 years of age from Moradabad in North India. The total prevalence of coronary artery disease based on clinical history and electrocardiogram was significantly higher in urban compared to rural men (11.0 vs. 3.9%) and women (6.9 vs. 2.6%), respectively. Food consumption patterns showed that important differences in relation to coronary artery disease were higher intake of total visible fat, milk and milk products, meat, eggs, sugar and jaggery in urban compared to rural subjects. Prevalence of coronary artery disease in relation to visible fat intake showed a higher prevalence rate with higher visible fat intake in both sexes and the trend was significant for total prevalence rates both for rural and urban men and women. Subgroup analysis among urban (694 men and 694 women) and rural (442 men and 435 women) subjects consuming moderate to high fat diets showed that subjects eating trans fatty acids plus clarified butter or those consuming clarified butter as total visible fat had a significantly higher prevalence of coronary artery disease compared to those consuming clarified butter plus vegetable oils in both rural (9.8, 7.1 vs. 3.0%) and urban (16.2, 13.5 vs. 11.0%) men as well as in rural (9.2, 4.5 vs. 1.5%) and urban (10.7, 8.8 vs. 6.4%) women. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that sedentariness in women, body mass index in urban men and women, milk and clarified butter plus trans fatty acids in both rural and urban in both sexes were significantly associated with coronary artery disease. It is possible that lower intake of total visible fat (20 g/day), decreased intake of milk, increased physical activity and cessation of smoking may benefit some populations in the prevention of coronary artery disease.
这些横断面调查涵盖了从印度北部莫拉达巴德随机选取的1769名农村居民（894名男性和875名女性）以及1806名城市居民（904名男性和902名女性），年龄在25至64岁之间。基于临床病史和心电图得出的冠状动脉疾病总体患病率，城市男性（11.0%对3.9%）和女性（6.9%对2.6%）均显著高于农村男性和女性。食物消费模式显示，与冠状动脉疾病相关的重要差异在于，城市居民相比农村居民，总可见脂肪、牛奶及奶制品、肉类、蛋类、糖和粗糖的摄入量更高。与可见脂肪摄入量相关的冠状动脉疾病患病率显示，男女可见脂肪摄入量越高，患病率越高，且农村和城市男性及女性的总体患病率趋势均显著。对城市（694名男性和694名女性）和农村（442名男性和435名女性）食用中高脂肪饮食的人群进行亚组分析发现，食用反式脂肪酸加澄清黄油或食用澄清黄油作为总可见脂肪的人群，冠状动脉疾病患病率显著高于食用澄清黄油加植物油的人群，农村男性（9.8%、7.1%对3.0%）和城市男性（16.2%、13.5%对11.0%）以及农村女性（9.2%、4.5%对1.5%）和城市女性（10.7%、8.8%对6.4%）均是如此。对年龄进行调整后的单因素和多因素回归分析表明，女性久坐不动、城市男性和女性的体重指数、农村和城市男女的牛奶以及澄清黄油加反式脂肪酸均与冠状动脉疾病显著相关。总可见脂肪摄入量较低（每天20克）、牛奶摄入量减少、身体活动增加以及戒烟可能有助于某些人群预防冠状动脉疾病。
