Bryner R W, Toffle R C, Ullrich I H, Yeater R A
Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Feb;16(1):68-73. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1997.10718651.
There is controversy over whether exercise and/or exercise intensity has an effect on total caloric intake or diet composition. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of exercise intensity without dietary manipulation on body composition and/or weight loss and to determine whether exercise intensity affected total caloric intake or diet composition in normal weight young women.
Fifteen women aged 18 to 34 years with a maximal oxygen consumption average or below on the Palo Alto norms served as subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to: 1) low heart rate intensity exercise group (LI, N = 7) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean heart rate of 132 beats per minute (bpm); 2) high heart rate intensity group (HI, N = 8) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean HR of 163 bpm. All subjects were given a maximal exercise test prior to and during weeks eight, 12 and 16. The first 4 weeks served as a control period, followed by approximately 11 weeks of exercise. Each subject recorded her dietary intake for 1 complete week, including a weekend, during weeks 2, 6, 10 and 14 of the study.
VO2 max increased (p < .05) in HI (29 +/- 6 ml/kg/minute to 38 +/- 7) but did not change in LI (36 +/- 5 to 38 +/- 7). Percent fat decreased in HI (p < .05) (27 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 4) but was unchanged in LI (22 +/- 6 to 21 +/- 6). The weekly intake of total kcal, carbohydrate, protein and fat did change significantly for either group. The weekly intake of saturated fat declined significantly (p < .05) in HI (21.2 +/- 5.8 g to 14.9 +/- 5.5 g); their weekly intake of cholesterol also decreased (p < .05) between months 2 to 3 (249 +/- 109 mg to 159 +/- 58 mg). No other differences in dietary intake between groups were found.
High heart rate intensity exercise training without dietary manipulation resulted in a decrease in body fat, but not weight change, as well as a decrease in the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol in normal weight young women. These changes were not observed after low heart rate intensity training.
运动和/或运动强度是否会对总热量摄入或饮食构成产生影响，目前存在争议。本研究的目的是在不进行饮食控制的情况下，测试运动强度对身体成分和/或体重减轻的影响，并确定运动强度是否会影响正常体重年轻女性的总热量摄入或饮食构成。
选取15名年龄在18至34岁之间、最大摄氧量平均水平或低于帕洛阿尔托标准的女性作为研究对象。研究对象被随机分为：1）低心率强度运动组（LI组，N = 7），每周大约进行4次运动，每次40至45分钟，平均心率为每分钟132次（bpm）；2）高心率强度运动组（HI组，N = 8），每周大约进行4次运动，每次40至45分钟，平均心率为163 bpm。在第8周、12周和16周之前及期间，所有研究对象均接受了最大运动测试。前4周作为对照期，随后进行大约11周的运动。在研究的第2周、6周、10周和14周，每位研究对象记录了她完整一周的饮食摄入量，包括一个周末。
HI组的最大摄氧量增加（p < .05）（从29 +/- 6毫升/千克/分钟增加到38 +/- 7），而LI组没有变化（从36 +/- 5增加到38 +/- 7）。HI组的体脂百分比下降（p < .05）（从27 +/- 7降至22 +/- 4），而LI组没有变化（从22 +/- 6降至21 +/- 6）。两组的每周总千卡、碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪摄入量均未发生显著变化。HI组的饱和脂肪每周摄入量显著下降（p < .05）（从21.2 +/- 5.8克降至14.9 +/- 5.5克）；在第2至3个月期间，她们的每周胆固醇摄入量也有所下降（p < .05）（从249 +/- 109毫克降至159 +/- 58毫克）。未发现两组之间在饮食摄入量上有其他差异。
在不进行饮食控制的情况下，高心率强度运动训练可使正常体重年轻女性的体脂减少，但体重不变，同时饱和脂肪和胆固醇的摄入量也会减少。低心率强度训练后未观察到这些变化。
