Hawkins K A, Hoffman R E, Quinlan D M, Rakfeldt J, Docherty N M, Sledge W H
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997 Winter;9(1):81-9. doi: 10.1176/jnp.9.1.81.
Forty-six schizophrenic, 22 bipolar, and 26 normal control subjects were administered negative and positive symptoms scales and tests of cognitive function. Test performance was related to diagnosis and to positive and negative symptom ratings within the schizophrenic group. Bipolar patients were significantly superior in cognitive status when compared with all schizophrenic patients, but less so when compared only with those who did not have key negative symptoms (affective nonresponsivity and poverty of speech). The schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms displayed severe impairment, performing significantly worse than the control, bipolar, and other schizophrenic subjects. Negative symptoms thus are significantly implicated in the cognitive inferiority of schizophrenic to bipolar patients. Although the data suggest bipolar patients may also have cognitive deficiencies, these findings are inconclusive and require cross-validation.
46名精神分裂症患者、22名双相情感障碍患者和26名正常对照受试者接受了阴性和阳性症状量表以及认知功能测试。测试表现与诊断以及精神分裂症组内的阳性和阴性症状评分相关。与所有精神分裂症患者相比，双相情感障碍患者在认知状态上明显更优，但仅与那些没有关键阴性症状（情感无反应和言语贫乏）的精神分裂症患者相比时，优势则没那么明显。有阴性症状的精神分裂症患者表现出严重受损，其表现明显比对照组、双相情感障碍患者和其他精神分裂症受试者更差。因此，阴性症状与精神分裂症患者相对于双相情感障碍患者的认知劣势显著相关。尽管数据表明双相情感障碍患者可能也存在认知缺陷，但这些发现尚无定论，需要进行交叉验证。
