Scleritis-associated uveitis.

PURPOSE

Anterior uveitis may accompany scleritis. This study was undertaken to analyze the incidence, characteristics, and meaning of uveitis in the course of scleritis.

METHODS

Patient characteristics, scleritis type, ocular complications, and specific systemic diseases were evaluated in patients with scleritis-associated uveitis; comparisons were made between patients with scleritis-associated uveitis and patients with scleritis without uveitis.

RESULTS

Seventy three (42%) of 172 patients with scleritis had anterior uveitis. Scleritis-associated uveitis ranged from mild to moderate intensity and always was related to the presence of active scleritis. Patients with scleritis-associated uveitis had more necrotizing scleritis (37%, P = 0.0001), decrease in vision (49%, P = 0.0046), peripheral ulcerative keratitis (22%, P = 0.0095), and glaucoma (19%, P = 0.0313) than did patients with scleritis without uveitis. Patients with scleritis-associated uveitis did not have any specific associated systemic disease more often than did patients with scleritis without uveitis.

CONCLUSION

Extension of scleral inflammation to the anterior uveal tract is a consequence of a more severe disease with possible ocular complications that may cause progressive visual loss. The occurrence of anterior uveitis in the course of scleritis entails a poor ocular prognosis. The authors believe, therefore, that the anterior uveal tract should be evaluated at every follow-up visit of a patient with scleritis, so that emergence of this important prognostic condition (anterior uveitis) may be detected promptly and systemic therapy instituted appropriately.