Remington B, Roberts P, Glautier S
Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, UK.
Addict Behav. 1997 Jan-Feb;22(1):45-53. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(96)00003-2.
Cues associated with familiar alcoholic drinks such as beer may, through repeated association with the unconditioned stimulus properties of alcohol, acquire the status of classically conditioned stimuli. It has been proposed that such drug-related conditioned stimuli mediate drug tolerance. Thus, the aim of the present experiment was to test this proposition on cognitive, subjective, and psychophysiological indicators of alcohol tolerance using human subjects. Two groups of subjects received alcohol in the form of a familiar drink (beer) or an unfamiliar drink (blue peppermint mixture). Both drinks contained the same dose of alcohol and were consumed at the same rate. Although conditioned heart rate and skin conductance responses occurring while subjects looked at and tasted the test drinks were weak, there were strong indicators of conditioned tolerance on the performance measures following consumption. Subjects who consumed the unfamiliar drink were significantly poorer on cognitive and motor tasks, and they rated themselves more intoxicated than did those who consumed the familiar drink.
与诸如啤酒等常见酒精饮料相关的线索，可能通过与酒精的无条件刺激属性反复关联，获得经典条件刺激的地位。有人提出，此类与药物相关的条件刺激介导了药物耐受性。因此，本实验的目的是使用人类受试者，在酒精耐受性的认知、主观和心理生理指标上测试这一命题。两组受试者分别饮用常见饮料（啤酒）形式的酒精或不常见饮料（蓝色薄荷混合物）。两种饮料所含酒精剂量相同，饮用速度也相同。尽管受试者在观看和品尝测试饮料时出现的条件性心率和皮肤电反应较弱，但在饮用后的表现测量上有强烈的条件耐受性指标。饮用不常见饮料的受试者在认知和运动任务上明显较差，并且他们给自己的醉酒程度评分比饮用常见饮料的受试者更高。
