Swanson J A, Lee J W, Hopp J W, Berk L S
Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA.
Addict Behav. 1997 Jan-Feb;22(1):55-68. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(96)00023-8.
Continuous caffeine consumption with smoking cessation has been associated with more than doubled caffeine plasma levels. Such concentrations may be sufficient to produce caffeine toxicity symptoms in smoking abstinence conditions. To test whether caffeine abstinence influences smoking cessation, 162 caffeine-using smokers were enlisted from American Lung Association smoking cessation programs. Volunteers were randomly assigned by clinic to caffeine-use and caffeine-abstinence conditions and measured for 3 weeks post-smoking cessation, at 6 months and one year. Results showed a significant linear increase in caffeine sputum levels across 3 weeks post cessation for those who quit smoking and continued using caffeine. Three weeks after cessation, concentrations reached 203% of baseline for the caffeine user. Typical nicotine withdrawal symptoms occurred during the first 16 days of cessation. The caffeine abstainers, but not continued users of caffeine, reported increased fatigue during the first 3 days of cessation. Among complete caffeine abstainers, compared with caffeine users, there was a significant increase in fatigue, a decrease in stimulation, and a marginal increase in caffeine craving immediately following tobacco cessation. There were no differences between the groups on other withdrawal symptoms or in cessation success at 16 days, 6 months, or 12 months.
持续摄入咖啡因并戒烟与血浆咖啡因水平增加一倍以上有关。在戒烟的情况下，这样的浓度可能足以产生咖啡因中毒症状。为了测试戒咖啡因是否会影响戒烟，从美国肺脏协会戒烟项目中招募了162名有咖啡因使用习惯的吸烟者。志愿者在诊所被随机分配到继续使用咖啡因组和戒咖啡因组，并在戒烟后3周、6个月和1年进行测量。结果显示，对于戒烟并继续使用咖啡因的人，在戒烟后的3周内，痰液中的咖啡因水平呈显著线性上升。戒烟3周后，咖啡因使用者的浓度达到基线的203%。典型的尼古丁戒断症状在戒烟的前16天出现。在戒烟的前3天，戒咖啡因者而非继续使用咖啡因者报告疲劳感增加。在完全戒咖啡因者中，与咖啡因使用者相比，在戒烟后立即出现疲劳感显著增加、兴奋感下降以及对咖啡因的渴望略有增加。两组在其他戒断症状或在16天、6个月或12个月的戒烟成功率方面没有差异。
