Ratcliff R, Allbritton D, McKoon G
Psychology Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1997 Jan;23(1):143-52. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.23.1.143.
Priming for previously studied words in an implicit auditory memory task has been interpreted as evidence for a presemantic perceptual representation system that encodes acoustic representations of words (B. A. Church & D. L. Schacter, 1994). In this article, 3 experiments provided evidence that such priming may result instead from a bias to respond with studied words. In forced-choice identification with similar alternative choices, there was no overall improvement in performance due to prior study. Benefits for studied test words were offset by costs for similar but nonstudied test words. Prior study had no effect when forced-choice alternatives were dissimilar. The data are discussed in relation to current models of auditory information processing and a new model (R. Ratcliff & G. McKoon, in press) for priming in visual word identification.
在一项内隐听觉记忆任务中，对先前学习过的单词的启动效应被解释为存在一个前语义感知表征系统的证据，该系统对单词的声学表征进行编码（B. A. 丘奇和D. L. 沙克特，1994）。在本文中，三项实验提供了证据，表明这种启动效应可能反而源于对用学习过的单词做出反应的一种偏向。在有相似备选选项的迫选识别中，由于先前的学习，整体表现并没有提高。对学习过的测试单词的益处被相似但未学习过的测试单词的代价所抵消。当迫选备选选项不相似时，先前的学习没有影响。结合当前的听觉信息处理模型以及一个关于视觉单词识别中启动效应的新模型（R. 拉特克利夫和G. 麦昆，即将发表）对这些数据进行了讨论。
