Creagan E T
Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1997 Feb;72(2):160-4. doi: 10.4065/72.2.160.
Psychosocial and spiritual factors influence a broad spectrum of medical and surgical disorders. The adverse effects of stress have been most clearly documented in cardiovascular disease. In cancer, unresolved questions include the following: Do emotional factors have a causal role in either initiating or promoting a malignant process, and can they possibly accelerate the dissemination of cancer? The literature, which consists of anecdotes, case-control methods, and randomized trials, is inconsistent and beset with major methodologic problems. Psychosocial interventions can be life enhancing in sharp contrast to the guilt-ridden programs of some alternative practitioners. A social support system and an element of spirituality and religion seem to be the most consistent predictors of quality of life and possible survival among patients with advanced malignant disease.
社会心理和精神因素会影响广泛的内科和外科疾病。压力的不良影响在心血管疾病中已有最明确的记录。在癌症方面，尚未解决的问题包括：情绪因素在引发或促进恶性过程中是否具有因果作用，以及它们是否可能加速癌症的扩散？由轶事、病例对照方法和随机试验组成的文献并不一致，且存在重大方法学问题。与一些替代疗法从业者充满负罪感的方案形成鲜明对比的是，社会心理干预可以提升生活质量。社会支持系统以及精神性和宗教元素似乎是晚期恶性疾病患者生活质量和可能生存的最一致预测因素。
