Murre J M
Faculty of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hippocampus. 1996;6(6):675-84. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1996)6:6<675::AID-HIPO10>3.0.CO;2-Y.
A model of amnesia is introduced, called TraceLink, that consists of three systems: 1) a trace system (neocortex), 2) a link system (hippocampus), and 3) a modulatory system (hippocampus/fornix/basal forebrain). It aims to explain salient aspects of the neuropsychology of amnesia, such as Ribot gradients in retrograde amnesia, patterns of dissociation between anterograde and retrograde amnesia, recovery from amnesia, and a newly discovered form of amnesia (semantic dementia) that results from certain temporal lobe lesions that do not affect the hippocampus. The model, furthermore, offers a new explanation for the global neuroanatomy of the hippocampus and neocortex based on the assumption that the brain aims to minimize connectivity volume. It also offers various strategies for the consolidation of memory, the effects of which are explored in computer simulations. The paper concludes with ten, largely untested; predictions derived from the TraceLink model.
介绍了一种名为TraceLink的失忆模型，它由三个系统组成：1）痕迹系统（新皮层），2）联结系统（海马体），3）调节系统（海马体/穹窿/基底前脑）。其目的是解释失忆神经心理学的显著方面，如逆行性失忆中的里博梯度、顺行性失忆与逆行性失忆之间的分离模式、失忆的恢复，以及一种新发现的由不影响海马体的某些颞叶病变导致的失忆形式（语义性痴呆）。此外，该模型基于大脑旨在最小化连接量的假设，对海马体和新皮层的整体神经解剖学提出了一种新解释。它还提供了各种记忆巩固策略，并在计算机模拟中探索了这些策略的效果。本文最后得出了十个主要未经检验的、源自TraceLink模型的预测。
