McClelland James L, McNaughton Bruce L, O'Reilly Randall C
Carnegie Mellon U, Dept of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA.
Psychol Rev. 1995 Jul;102(3):419-457. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.419.
Damage to the hippocampal system disrupts recent memory but leaves remote memory intact. The account presented here suggests that memories are first stored via synaptic changes in the hippocampal system, that these changes support reinstatement of recent memories in the neocortex, that neocortical synapses change a little on each reinstatement, and that remote memory is based on accumulated neocortical changes. Models that learn via changes to connections help explain this organization. These models discover the structure in ensembles of items if learning of each item is gradual and interleaved with learning about other items. This suggests that the neocortex learns slowly to discover the structure in ensembles of experiences. The hippocampal system permits rapid learning of new items without disrupting this structure, and reinstatement of new memories interleaves them with others to integrate them into structured neocortical memory systems.
海马体系统受损会破坏近期记忆，但远期记忆仍保持完好。此处提出的观点表明，记忆首先通过海马体系统中的突触变化进行存储，这些变化支持在新皮层中重现近期记忆，新皮层突触在每次重现时会稍有变化，而远期记忆则基于新皮层累积的变化。通过连接变化进行学习的模型有助于解释这种组织方式。如果每个项目的学习是渐进的且与对其他项目的学习交错进行，这些模型就能发现项目集合中的结构。这表明新皮层会缓慢学习以发现经验集合中的结构。海马体系统允许快速学习新的项目，而不会破坏这种结构，新记忆的重现会将它们与其他记忆交错，从而将它们整合到结构化的新皮层记忆系统中。
