Lattal K A, Williams A M
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6040, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1997 Jan;67(1):131-43. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1997.67-131.
The relation between body weight and responding established with unsignaled delayed reinforcement was investigated. In three experiments, naive rats were deprived to either 70%, 80%, or 90% of ad libitum weight and were then exposed to tandem variable-interval 15-s differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior 30-s schedules. The tandem schedule defined a resetting unsignaled delay-of-reinforcement procedure. In the first experiment, speed of magazine training, acquisition of lever pressing, and final rate of lever pressing were related to body weight. In the next experiment, lever pressing was established and maintained in rats that were magazine trained at 70% of ad libitum weight but that were then exposed to the delay procedure at 90% of ad libitum weight. Responding did not change consistently either across or within subjects in subsequent conditions in which body weight was manipulated. In the final experiment, lever pressing was established and maintained with delayed reinforcement in the absence of magazine training for each of 2 rats at 70% and for 1 of 2 rats at 90% of ad libitum weight. The results further illuminate the conditions under which responding can be established in the absence of training and when such responses are reinforced only following an unsignaled delay period.
研究了体重与通过无信号延迟强化建立的反应之间的关系。在三个实验中，将未受过训练的大鼠禁食至其自由进食体重的70%、80%或90%，然后让它们接受串联可变间隔15秒差异强化其他行为30秒的程序。串联程序定义了一种重置无信号强化延迟程序。在第一个实验中，食盒训练速度、杠杆按压的习得以及杠杆按压的最终速率与体重有关。在接下来的实验中，在按自由进食体重的70%进行食盒训练但随后按自由进食体重的90%接受延迟程序的大鼠中建立并维持了杠杆按压。在随后操纵体重的条件下，无论是在不同个体之间还是在个体内部，反应都没有持续变化。在最后一个实验中，在未进行食盒训练的情况下，对2只按自由进食体重70%的大鼠中的每只以及2只按自由进食体重90%的大鼠中的1只，通过延迟强化建立并维持了杠杆按压。结果进一步阐明了在没有训练的情况下建立反应以及仅在无信号延迟期后强化此类反应的条件。
