Benavente E, Cifuentes M, Dusautoir J C, David J
Departamento de Biotecnología, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2008;120(3-4):384-95. doi: 10.1159/000121087. Epub 2008 May 23.
Interspecific hybridization in plants is an important evolutionary phenomenon involved in the dynamics of speciation that receives increasing interest in the context of possible gene escapes from transgenic crop varieties. Crops are able to cross-pollinate with a number of wild related species and exchange chromosome segments through homoeologous recombination. In this paper, we review a set of cytogenetic techniques that are appropriate to document the different steps required for the stable introgression of a chromosome segment from a donor species (i.e., the crop) into a recipient species (i.e., the wild). Several examples in hybrids and derivatives are given to illustrate how these approaches may be used to evaluate the potential for gene transfer between crops and wild relatives. Different techniques, from classical chromosome staining methods to recent developments in molecular cytogenetics, can be used to differentiate genomes and identify the chromosome regions eventually involved in genetic exchanges. Some clues are also given for the study of fertility restoration in the interspecific hybrid forms.
植物种间杂交是物种形成动态过程中一种重要的进化现象，在转基因作物品种可能发生基因逃逸的背景下，受到越来越多的关注。作物能够与许多野生近缘物种进行异花授粉，并通过同源重组交换染色体片段。在本文中，我们综述了一套细胞遗传学技术，这些技术适用于记录将染色体片段从供体物种（即作物）稳定渗入受体物种（即野生种）所需的不同步骤。文中给出了杂种及其衍生后代中的几个例子，以说明如何使用这些方法来评估作物与野生近缘种之间基因转移的可能性。从经典的染色体染色方法到分子细胞遗传学的最新进展，不同的技术可用于区分基因组，并识别最终参与基因交换的染色体区域。文中还给出了一些关于种间杂种形式育性恢复研究的线索。
