Guijo S, Mauricio J C, Salmon J M, Ortega J M
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Spain.
Yeast. 1997 Feb;13(2):101-17. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199702)13:2<101::AID-YEA66>3.0.CO;2-H.
The full chromosomal karyotype of six enological Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used for fermentation and biological ageing of sherry-type wines was studied. A genetic method based on the analysis of segregation frequencies of auxotrophic markers, among random spore progeny of hybrids, constructed between laboratory and industrial wine strains (Bakalinsky and Snow, 1990) was used. This method was combined with the analysis of strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results obtained clearly indicate the presence of two, three or four copies of a chromosome in the industrial strains examined, and thus confirm that aneuploidy/polyploidy is not uncommon in these strains. In all strains examined, chromosome XIII polysomy is observed. This chromosome contains the ADH2 and ADH3 loci, that code for the ADHII and ADHIII isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase, which are involved in ethanol oxidative utilization during biological ageing of wines. Tetrad analysis for the 'flor formation' character suggest two possibilities: this character is either regulated by at least a digenic system, or by only one gene present on a chromosome which is, at least, disomic.
对用于雪利酒型葡萄酒发酵和生物陈酿的6株酿酒酵母菌株的完整染色体核型进行了研究。采用了一种基于分析杂种随机孢子后代中营养缺陷型标记分离频率的遗传方法，该杂种是在实验室菌株和工业葡萄酒菌株之间构建的（Bakalinsky和Snow，1990）。该方法与脉冲场凝胶电泳对菌株的分析相结合。所得结果清楚地表明，在所检测的工业菌株中存在一条染色体的两个、三个或四个拷贝，从而证实非整倍体/多倍体在这些菌株中并不罕见。在所有检测的菌株中，均观察到染色体XIII多体性。该染色体包含ADH2和ADH3基因座，它们编码酒精脱氢酶的ADHII和ADHIII同工酶，这些同工酶参与葡萄酒生物陈酿过程中乙醇的氧化利用。对“酒花形成”性状的四分体分析表明有两种可能性：该性状要么由至少一个双基因系统调控，要么由至少二体的染色体上存在的一个基因调控。
