Crawley H
Statistics, OR and Probabilistic Methods Research Centre (STORM), University of North London, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;51(2):87-91. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600366.
To investigate the dietary differences reported by teenagers in Scotland compared with teenagers from elsewhere in Britain, allowing for a range of other demographic, personal and lifestyle variables.
Data was taken from the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study which collected data cross-sectionally at 16-17 y.
The respondents were distributed throughout Britain.
A sub-sample of 1615 respondents was selected (M = 658, F = 957). The criterion for selection were a completed 4 d dietary diary and a 4 d activity diary and the completion of a number of other questionnaires to provide demographic and lifestyle data by both the respondent and the parent of the respondent.
The diets of Scottish teenagers were significantly different to those of teenagers in England and Wales even when allowing for differences in smoking habits, parental smoking, alcohol intake, family size and housing tenure: factors which were also different among the Scottish cohort. Intakes of fibre, magnesium, phosphorous, retinol equivalents, carotene and riboflavin were significantly lower in Scotland among males and females, as were intakes of non-processed vegetables and non-fried potato, skimmed milks, fat spreads high in polyunsaturates and beer. Scottish teenagers drank more soft drinks and ate more chips and white bread than their counterparts in England and Wales. No differences were noted in intakes of vitamin C and fruit based on regional distribution: lower intakes of fruit in Scotland appeared to be associated with the higher incidence of teenage smoking.
The diets of Scottish teenagers appeared to be further from current dietary recommendations than the diets of teenagers elsewhere in Britain, but the lower intakes of fruit among Scottish teenagers commonly reported is likely to be associated with teenage smoking rather than living in Scotland itself. Care should be taken when evaluating dietary surveys that known confounding variables are included.
研究苏格兰青少年与英国其他地区青少年报告的饮食差异，并考虑一系列其他人口统计学、个人和生活方式变量。
数据取自1970年纵向出生队列研究，该研究在16 - 17岁时进行横断面数据收集。
受访者分布在英国各地。
选取了1615名受访者的子样本（男性 = 658名，女性 = 957名）。选择标准是完成一份4天的饮食日记和一份4天的活动日记，以及完成一些其他问卷，以获取受访者及其父母的人口统计学和生活方式数据。
即使考虑到吸烟习惯、父母吸烟情况、酒精摄入量、家庭规模和住房 tenure 等差异（这些因素在苏格兰队列中也有所不同），苏格兰青少年的饮食与英格兰和威尔士青少年的饮食仍存在显著差异。苏格兰男性和女性的纤维、镁、磷、视黄醇当量、胡萝卜素和核黄素摄入量显著较低，未加工蔬菜、非油炸土豆、脱脂牛奶、多不饱和脂肪酸含量高的脂肪涂抹酱和啤酒的摄入量也较低。与英格兰和威尔士的青少年相比，苏格兰青少年喝更多软饮料，吃更多薯片和白面包。基于地区分布，维生素C和水果摄入量未发现差异：苏格兰水果摄入量较低似乎与青少年吸烟率较高有关。
与英国其他地区青少年的饮食相比，苏格兰青少年的饮食似乎更偏离当前的饮食建议，但苏格兰青少年普遍报告的水果摄入量较低可能与青少年吸烟有关，而非仅仅因为生活在苏格兰本身。在评估饮食调查时，应注意纳入已知的混杂变量。
