Starodubtsev Iu D, Kulagin V V, Nadolishniaia A P, Starodubtseva E M
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1996 Nov-Dec;46(6):1032-40.
Bottle-nosed dolphins demonstrated the ability to distinguish the top position of the objects in the process of learning. They always chose the top object from the three identical things under conditions of permanent location changing of this stimulus triplet on one of the sides of the water enclosure. Specialization of the reflex was tested under conditions of the stimulus triplet administration at the background of different situational changes in surroundings, including the changes in location of external reference points. The animals retained the adequate reaction also after a sudden substitution of the initial stimulus objects for others which were considerably different from the initial stimuli in the shape, material, size etc. When the natural stimuli (three fishes) were presented of the number of the stimuli was substituted from 2 for 5, nevertheless, the dolphins chose the top stimulus. The findings testify to the capability of dolphins for generalization by the relative sign "top position".
宽吻海豚在学习过程中表现出区分物体顶部位置的能力。在水围场一侧对这个刺激三元组进行永久性位置改变的条件下，它们总是从三个相同的物体中选择顶部的物体。在周围环境不同情境变化（包括外部参考点位置变化）的背景下给予刺激三元组的条件下，测试反射的特异性。在最初的刺激物体突然被形状、材料、大小等与初始刺激有很大不同的其他物体替代后，这些动物仍保持适当的反应。当呈现自然刺激（三条鱼）且刺激数量从2个替换为5个时，海豚仍然选择顶部的刺激。这些发现证明了海豚具有通过“顶部位置”这一相对标志进行泛化的能力。
