Flëss D A, Starodubtsev Iu D, Starodubtseva E M
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1990 Jan-Feb;40(1):44-51.
In bottle-nosed dolphins by a new modification of previously suggested method, a conditioned reflex was elaborated and consolidated to a relative spatial sign--choice of always left object from two similar ones in conditions of a permanent change of place of this pair of stimuli against the background of one of the sides of an open-air cage. Specialization of the reflex was checked by presentation of a pair of stimuli under different changes of surroundings, including discordance of external orientors and also the way of stimuli presentation. Then the initial objects were substituted by others (12 pairs of stimuli) sharply differing from the initial ones by the form, size, material etc. Retention of adequate choice also at the change of the medium of stimuli presentation, testified to the ability of dolphins of abstraction and generalization by relative sign, i.e. at the choice from two objects of the type "to the right--to the left in general".
通过对先前提出的方法进行新的改进，在宽吻海豚身上建立并巩固了一种对相对空间信号的条件反射——在露天笼舍一侧的背景下，这对刺激物的位置不断变化，从两个相似物体中总是选择左边的物体。通过在不同环境变化下呈现一对刺激物来检验反射的特异性，包括外部定向标不一致以及刺激物呈现方式。然后，将最初的物体替换为其他在形状、大小、材质等方面与最初物体有显著差异的物体（12对刺激物）。即使刺激物呈现媒介发生变化，仍能保持适当的选择，这证明了海豚具有通过相对信号进行抽象和概括的能力，即在从“一般来说右边——左边”类型的两个物体中进行选择时的能力。
