Bahukova T A, Dobrodeeva L K
Antibiot Khimioter. 1996 Jun;41(6):44-8.
The sputum specimens from 1363 patients at the age of 16 to 65 years with nonspecific pulmonary diseases and the pleural exudate specimens from 325 patients were tested for fungi in 1989-1994. The etiological significance of Candida was stated at a concentration of > 10(5) GFU per 1 ml of the sputum. The identification was performed by the routine methods. An increase in the rate of the fungi isolation was studied in the time course of the observation: 15.3 +/- 1.9 per cent in 1989 and 31.6 +/- 3.4 per cent in 1994. The fungi were more frequently isolated from the patients with lung abscesses (38.0 +/- 4.1 per cent of the cases). In the patients with pyothorax the fungi were isolated from the pleural exudate specimens only in 6.8 +/- 1.4 per cent of the cases. The groups of risk of the susceptibility to Candida were revealed. They included patients at the age of 21 to 30 years and above 60. Out of 484 Candida isolates 80.7 per cent belonged to C. albicans, 4.2 per cent to C. tropicalis, 2.1 per cent to C. kefyr and 1.8 per cent to C. krusei. The isolates of C. parapsilosis, C. guillermoudii, C. utilis and C. brumptii were rate. The isolates were highly susceptible to nystatin (91,8 per cent) and lowly susceptible to levorin (35.4 per cent), amphoglucamine (24.7 per cent) and ketokonazol (16.8 per cent).
1989年至1994年期间，对1363例年龄在16至65岁之间患有非特异性肺部疾病患者的痰液标本以及325例患者的胸腔积液标本进行了真菌检测。当痰液中念珠菌浓度>10⁵CFU/每1毫升时，表明其具有病原学意义。采用常规方法进行鉴定。在观察过程中研究了真菌分离率的变化：1989年为15.3±1.9%，1994年为31.6±3.4%。肺脓肿患者中真菌分离率更高（占病例的38.0±4.1%）。在脓胸患者中，仅6.8±1.4%的病例从胸腔积液标本中分离出真菌。发现了念珠菌易感性的风险组。其中包括21至30岁以及60岁以上的患者。在484株念珠菌分离株中，80.7%属于白色念珠菌，4.2%属于热带念珠菌，2.1%属于克柔念珠菌，1.8%属于克鲁斯念珠菌。近平滑念珠菌、季也蒙念珠菌、产朊假丝酵母和布鲁姆念珠菌的分离株较少见。分离株对制霉菌素高度敏感（91.8%），对利佛霉素低度敏感（35.4%），对两性霉素葡甲胺低度敏感（24.7%），对酮康唑低度敏感（16.8%）。
