Andreasen N C
Mental Health Clinical Research Center, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1586-93. doi: 10.1126/science.275.5306.1586.
Brain research on mental illnesses has made substantial advances in recent years, supported by conceptual and technological developments in cognitive neuroscience. Brain-based cognitive models of illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression have been tested with a variety of techniques, including the lesion method, tract tracing, neuroimaging, animal modeling, single-cell recording, electrophysiology, neuropsychology, and experimental cognitive psychology. A relatively sophisticated picture is emerging that conceptualizes mental illnesses as disorders of mind arising in the brain. Convergent data using multiple neuroscience techniques indicate that the neural mechanisms of mental illnesses can be understood as dysfunctions in specific neural circuits and that their functions and dysfunctions can be influenced or altered by a variety of cognitive and pharmacological factors.
近年来，在认知神经科学的概念和技术发展的支持下，关于精神疾病的大脑研究取得了重大进展。诸如精神分裂症和抑郁症等疾病的基于大脑的认知模型已经通过多种技术进行了测试，包括损伤法、神经束追踪、神经成像、动物模型、单细胞记录、电生理学、神经心理学和实验认知心理学。一幅相对复杂的图景正在浮现，即将精神疾病概念化为起源于大脑的心智障碍。使用多种神经科学技术的趋同数据表明，精神疾病的神经机制可被理解为特定神经回路的功能障碍，并且它们的功能和功能障碍会受到多种认知和药理学因素的影响或改变。
