Enns JT, Richards JC
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
J Exp Child Psychol. 1997 Feb;64(2):255-75. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.2348.
Covert visual orienting was measured in hockey players at two ages (12 and 15 years) and two skill levels (low and high), and in college students with no hockey training. Two types of cues were tested at five cue-target intervals (100-850 ms): digits that informed of likely target locations, and abrupt luminance changes that occurred randomly at possible target locations. High-skill 15-year-olds were best able to take advantage of the general alerting produced by both cues: their responses were fastest overall and changed least with cue-target interval. For the information cue, all participants showed increased benefits and costs as cue-target interval was increased, but high-skill players had generally smaller orienting effects than low-skill players. For the stimulus cue, all participants showed an inhibition to targets at cued locations, but the high-skill players showed greater change in the response time function over cue-target interval. These results support an association between hockey skill and several important aspects of visual attention: sustained alertness, efficient voluntary orienting, and efficient processing of abrupt stimulus events.
对两个年龄段（12岁和15岁）、两种技能水平（低和高）的曲棍球运动员，以及没有曲棍球训练的大学生进行了隐蔽视觉定向测量。在五个线索 - 目标间隔（100 - 850毫秒）下测试了两种类型的线索：告知可能目标位置的数字，以及在可能目标位置随机出现的亮度突然变化。高技能的15岁青少年最能利用两种线索产生的一般警觉：他们的反应总体上最快，并且随线索 - 目标间隔的变化最小。对于信息线索，随着线索 - 目标间隔增加，所有参与者都表现出益处和代价的增加，但高技能球员的定向效应通常比低技能球员小。对于刺激线索，所有参与者对线索位置的目标都表现出抑制，但高技能球员在反应时间函数上随线索 - 目标间隔的变化更大。这些结果支持曲棍球技能与视觉注意力的几个重要方面之间的关联：持续警觉、有效的自主定向，以及对突然刺激事件的有效处理。
