Brodeur D A, Enns J T
University of British Columbia.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1997 Mar;51(1):20-35. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.51.1.20.
Covert visual orienting was examined over a span of human life ranging from six to 73 years. The observer's task was the speeded discrimination of "X" from "O1" but of primary interest was the effect of a location cue that appeared prior to the target. Both an abrupt stimulus cue and a voluntary information cue were studied using response time (RT) measures. Eye movements were monitored to control for differences in the ability to maintain fixation. Experiment 1 showed that there were very few age differences in stimulus-cued orienting. In contrast, there were important differences when orienting was intentional. In comparison with young adults, children were less able to sustain orienting over time, and senior adults required more time to use the cue. Experiment 2 tested the relation between stimulus and information cues when they both occurred prior to a given target. All age groups were able to use information cues in the presence of conflicting stimulus cues, but young adults were better able to do so than either children or senior adults. These results are interpreted as support for the view that separate mechanisms underlie stimulus-based versus information-based spatial orienting.
在6岁至73岁的人生跨度内对隐蔽视觉定向进行了研究。观察者的任务是快速区分“X”和“O1”，但主要关注的是在目标出现之前出现的位置线索的影响。使用反应时间（RT）测量方法对突然出现的刺激线索和自愿提供的信息线索进行了研究。监测眼动以控制维持注视能力的差异。实验1表明，在刺激线索引导的定向上年龄差异很小。相比之下，当定向是有意的时候，存在重要差异。与年轻人相比，儿童随着时间的推移维持定向的能力较弱，而老年人使用线索需要更多时间。实验2测试了刺激线索和信息线索在给定目标之前同时出现时它们之间的关系。在存在冲突的刺激线索时，所有年龄组都能够使用信息线索，但年轻人比儿童或老年人更能做到这一点。这些结果被解释为支持以下观点：基于刺激的空间定向和基于信息的空间定向有不同的机制。
