Thanassi W T, Weiss E L
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1997 Feb;15(1):43-70. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70285-6.
Determining the appropriate immunizations for international travelers is a complex, multifaceted process. This article proposes a stepwise and systematic approach to the immunization needs of the traveler-patient. Vaccines for routine health maintenance as well as special issues of the elderly, pregnant, immunocompromised, and child are important in the initial evaluation. Specific travel immunizations (i.e., those for routine travel, those required by a country, those that are geographically indicated and immunizations for extended stays) comprise the remainder of the immunization interview. Health care providers should also be familiar with cost and risk statistics, both the risk of the traveler contracting an illness overseas and the risk of side effects from the vaccines themselves. With such cost-benefit analysis, the provider can offer the traveler immunizations as well as information.
确定国际旅行者合适的免疫接种是一个复杂、多方面的过程。本文提出了一种针对旅行者患者免疫需求的逐步且系统的方法。在初始评估中，用于常规健康维护的疫苗以及老年人、孕妇、免疫功能低下者和儿童的特殊问题都很重要。特定的旅行免疫接种（即常规旅行所需的、某个国家要求的、根据地理位置推荐的以及长期停留所需的免疫接种）构成了免疫接种问诊的其余部分。医疗保健提供者还应熟悉成本和风险统计数据，包括旅行者在海外感染疾病的风险以及疫苗本身产生副作用的风险。通过这种成本效益分析，提供者可以为旅行者提供免疫接种以及相关信息。
