Mutran E J, Reitzes D J, Bratton K A, Fernandez M E
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997 Mar;52(2):S89-96. doi: 10.1093/geronb/52b.2.s89.
This study addressed three questions that underlie the experiences of middle-aged working individuals: (1) What factors influence workers' quality of time spent at work, their feelings of competence as a worker, and their satisfaction with work? (2) What is the impact of subjective responses to work on self-esteem? and (3) What effect does gender have on subjective responses and self-esteem? These data are derived from an ongoing study of full-time working men and women (N = 770). Subjective responses to work are affected by poor health. Quality of time at work (meaningful, not boring), job satisfaction, and an identity as a competent worker are associated with self-esteem. Self-esteem was higher among women in highly autonomous jobs, and nonmarried women had higher self-esteem than others. The strongest effect on self-esteem was that of feeling competent as a worker. Positive perceptions of work increased self-esteem, facilitating the transition into retirement.
（1）哪些因素会影响员工在工作中度过的时间质量、他们作为工作者的胜任感以及对工作的满意度？（2）对工作的主观反应对自尊有何影响？以及（3）性别对主观反应和自尊有何影响？这些数据来自一项正在进行的针对全职在职男性和女性（N = 770）的研究。对工作的主观反应会受到健康状况不佳的影响。工作时间质量（有意义，不枯燥）、工作满意度以及作为一名胜任工作者的身份认同与自尊相关。在高度自主的工作岗位上，女性的自尊水平更高，未婚女性的自尊水平高于其他人。对自尊影响最大的是作为工作者的胜任感。对工作的积极看法会提高自尊，有助于顺利过渡到退休状态。
