Kelly D W, Mustafa Z, Dye C
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 1997 Jan;11(1):13-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00285.x.
To study the impact of residual pyrethroid insecticide on the abundance and distribution of peridomestic Lutzomyia longipalpis, the sandfly vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, lambda-cyhalothrin was applied at 20 mg a.i.m-2 in the following interventions: (i) spraying of all animal pens in a village (blanket coverage); (ii) treatment of a subset of animal pens, either by spraying, or by installation of insecticide-impregnated 1 m2 cotton sheets as 'targets' (focal coverage). By sampling with CDC light traps, and using a novel analytical approach, we detected a 90% reduction in Lu.longipalpis abundance in sprayed sheds of the focal intervention. However, there was no discernible effect on the abundance of other phlebotomines trapped in sheds, or on the abundance of Lu.longipalpis in untreated dining-huts and houses. This differential impact on Lu.longipalpis abundance is explained in terms of the disruption of male pheromone production. Treated targets were approximately half as effective as residual spraying in reducing the abundance of Lu.longipalpis in sheds. Following blanket intervention, the abundance of Lu.longipalpis in traps fell by only 45% (not significant): catches at untreated dining-huts actually increased, possibly because the blanket coverage diverted Lu.longipalpis away from major aggregation sites at animal pens. It is recommended that care be taken during vector control programmes to ensure that all potential aggregation sites are treated. The possible consequences of leaving some sites untreated include poor control of peridomestic sandfly abundance and an increase in the biting rate on dogs and humans.
为研究残留拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对巴西内脏利什曼病的白蛉传播媒介——家栖长须罗蛉数量及分布的影响，在以下干预措施中按20毫克有效成分/平方米施用了高效氯氟氰菊酯：（i）对一个村庄的所有畜栏进行喷洒（全面覆盖）；（ii）通过喷洒或安装1平方米浸有杀虫剂的棉布片作为“目标”，对一部分畜栏进行处理（局部覆盖）。通过使用疾控中心诱蚊灯进行采样，并采用一种新颖的分析方法，我们发现在局部干预中喷洒过的畜舍内，长须罗蛉的数量减少了90%。然而，对畜舍内诱捕到的其他白蛉数量，以及对未处理的餐厅和房屋内长须罗蛉的数量，均未产生明显影响。对长须罗蛉数量的这种差异影响，可从雄性信息素产生受到干扰的角度来解释。经处理的目标在减少畜舍内长须罗蛉数量方面的效果约为残留喷洒的一半。在全面干预之后，诱捕器中长须罗蛉的数量仅下降了45%（不显著）：未处理的餐厅内捕获量实际上有所增加，这可能是因为全面覆盖使长须罗蛉从畜栏的主要聚集地点转移开了。建议在病媒控制计划中谨慎行事，以确保对所有潜在的聚集地点进行处理。留下一些地点不处理可能产生的后果包括对家栖白蛉数量控制不佳，以及狗和人类的叮咬率增加。
