Stuart G, Spruston N, Sakmann B, Häusser M
Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Trends Neurosci. 1997 Mar;20(3):125-31. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(96)10075-8.
Most neurons in the mammalian CNS encode and transmit information via action potentials. Knowledge of where these electrical events are initiated and how they propagate within neurons is therefore fundamental to an understanding of neuronal function. While work from the 1950s suggested that action potentials are initiated in the axon, many subsequent investigations have suggested that action potentials can also be initiated in the dendrites. Recently, experiments using simultaneous patch-pipette recordings from different locations on the same neuron have been used to address this issue directly. These studies show that the site of action potential initiation is in the axon, even when synaptic activation is powerful enough to elicit dendritic electrogenesis. Furthermore, these and other studies also show that following initiation, action potentials actively backpropagate into the dendrites of many neuronal types, providing a retrograde signal of neuronal output to the dendritic tree.
大多数哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的神经元通过动作电位来编码和传递信息。因此，了解这些电活动在何处起始以及如何在神经元内传播，对于理解神经元功能至关重要。虽然20世纪50年代的研究表明动作电位在轴突中起始，但随后的许多研究表明动作电位也可以在树突中起始。最近，使用从同一神经元不同位置同时进行膜片钳记录的实验被直接用于解决这个问题。这些研究表明，即使突触激活强大到足以引发树突电活动，动作电位的起始部位仍在轴突。此外，这些研究以及其他研究还表明，动作电位起始后会主动逆向传播到许多神经元类型的树突中，为树突提供神经元输出的逆行信号。
