Karin M, Liu Z g, Zandi E
Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;9(2):240-6. doi: 10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80068-3.
AP-1 (activating protein-1) is a collective term referring to dimeric transcription factors composed of Jun, Fos or ATF (activating transcription factor) subunits that bind to a common DNA site, the AP-1-binding site. As the complexity of our knowledge of AP-1 factors has increased, our understanding of their physiological function has decreased. This trend, however, is beginning to be reversed due to the recent studies of gene-knockout mice and cell lines deficient in specific AP-1 components. Such studies suggest that different AP-1 factors may regulate different target genes and thus execute distinct biological functions. Also, the involvement of AP-1 factors in functions such as cell proliferation and survival has been made somewhat clearer as a result of such studies. In addition, there has been considerable progress in understanding some of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of AP-1 activity. In addition to regulation by heterodimerization between Jun, Fos and ATF proteins, AP-1 activity is regulated through interactions with specific protein kinases and a variety of transcriptional coactivators.
活化蛋白-1（AP-1）是一个统称，指的是由Jun、Fos或活化转录因子（ATF）亚基组成的二聚体转录因子，它们可结合到一个共同的DNA位点，即AP-1结合位点。随着我们对AP-1因子认识的复杂性增加，我们对其生理功能的理解却有所下降。然而，由于最近对基因敲除小鼠和缺乏特定AP-1成分的细胞系的研究，这种趋势开始得到扭转。此类研究表明，不同的AP-1因子可能调控不同的靶基因，从而执行不同的生物学功能。此外，此类研究也使AP-1因子在细胞增殖和存活等功能中的作用变得更加清晰。此外，在理解AP-1活性调控所涉及的一些机制和信号通路方面也取得了相当大的进展。除了通过Jun、Fos和ATF蛋白之间的异源二聚化进行调控外，AP-1活性还通过与特定蛋白激酶和多种转录共激活因子的相互作用来调控。
