Seeley R J, Sharon L M, Woods S C
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1525, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 Mar;56(3):379-82. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00230-4.
Although ethanol is a calorically dense substance, little is known about the mechanisms by which those calories are detected, nor how they effect subsequent intake of other calories. In the current study, four doses of ethanol (0, 1, 2, and 3.5 g/kg) were administered to rats prior to 30-min access to a sucrose solution. The effect of ethanol (EtOH) to impact sucrose intake was compared to that of another carbohydrate, glucose, matched for calories, and to NaCl solutions matched to the osmotic properties of the glucose. A final set of conditions provided calories in the form of EtOH as well as osmoles in the form of NaCl to match the combined caloric and osmotic properties of the glucose solutions. Aqueous solutions of EtOH and of glucose suppressed food intake in a dose-dependent fashion with glucose tending to be more effective than EtOH. NaCl in water did not suppress intake. Surprisingly, when NaCl was added to the EtOH solution the effect of EtOH to suppress food intake was completely ameliorated. Subsequent analysis of plasma EtOH levels showed that adding NaCl also reduced the rate at which EtOH appeared in the plasma. The results suggest that changes of short-term food intake caused by EtOH calories are produced by different inhibitory signals than those produced by other carbohydrates. While other carbohydrates generate preabsorptive signals within the stomach, ethanol appears to have to leave the stomach to inhibit further food intake.
尽管乙醇是一种热量密集型物质，但对于检测这些热量的机制以及它们如何影响后续其他热量的摄入知之甚少。在当前研究中，在给予大鼠30分钟蔗糖溶液摄入机会之前，给它们施用了四剂乙醇（0、1、2和3.5克/千克）。将乙醇（EtOH）对蔗糖摄入的影响与另一种热量匹配的碳水化合物葡萄糖以及与葡萄糖渗透压特性匹配的NaCl溶液的影响进行了比较。最后一组条件以EtOH的形式提供热量以及以NaCl的形式提供渗透摩尔，以匹配葡萄糖溶液的热量和渗透压特性。乙醇和葡萄糖的水溶液以剂量依赖的方式抑制食物摄入，葡萄糖往往比乙醇更有效。水中的NaCl不会抑制摄入。令人惊讶的是，当向乙醇溶液中添加NaCl时，乙醇抑制食物摄入的效果完全得到改善。随后对血浆乙醇水平的分析表明，添加NaCl也降低了乙醇出现在血浆中的速率。结果表明，乙醇热量引起的短期食物摄入变化是由与其他碳水化合物产生的抑制信号不同的信号产生的。虽然其他碳水化合物在胃内产生吸收前信号，但乙醇似乎必须离开胃才能抑制进一步的食物摄入。
