Mahon B E, Pönkä A, Hall W N, Komatsu K, Dietrich S E, Siitonen A, Cage G, Hayes P S, Lambert-Fair M A, Bean N H, Griffin P M, Slutsker L
Branch of Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1997 Apr;175(4):876-82. doi: 10.1086/513985.
An outbreak of Salmonella serotype stanley infections occurred in the United States and Finland in 1995. The outbreak was investigated through case-control studies in Arizona, Michigan, and Finland; by isolate subtyping; and by tracing and culturing of the implicated food. Alfalfa sprout consumption was the only exposure associated with S. stanley infections in Arizona (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-513), Michigan (MOR = 5.5; CI, 1.6-23), and Finland (MOR undefined; CI, 4.9-infinity). US and Finnish patient isolates were a unique outbreak strain distinct from S. stanley isolates not linked to the outbreak. Alfalfa sprouts eaten by patients in 6 US states and Finland were traced to seed shipped by a Dutch shipper. Thus, it was concluded that alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seed caused an international outbreak of > or =242 S. stanley infections in > or =17 US states and Finland. This outbreak illustrates a new mechanism through which contamination of fresh produce can cause large, widely dispersed outbreaks.
1995年，美国和芬兰发生了斯坦利沙门氏菌感染疫情。通过在亚利桑那州、密歇根州和芬兰开展病例对照研究、对分离株进行亚型分析以及对相关食品进行溯源和培养，对此次疫情展开了调查。在亚利桑那州（匹配比值比[MOR]=11.1；95%置信区间[CI]，1.4 - 513）、密歇根州（MOR = 5.5；CI，1.6 - 23）和芬兰（MOR未定义；CI，4.9 - 无穷大），食用苜蓿芽是与斯坦利沙门氏菌感染相关的唯一暴露因素。美国和芬兰患者的分离株是一种独特的疫情菌株，与未关联此次疫情的斯坦利沙门氏菌分离株不同。美国6个州和芬兰患者食用的苜蓿芽追溯到由一名荷兰发货商运送的种子。因此，得出结论，受污染种子培育的苜蓿芽在≥17个美国州和芬兰引发了≥242例斯坦利沙门氏菌感染的国际疫情。此次疫情说明了新鲜农产品污染可导致大规模、广泛传播疫情的一种新机制。
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