[Basic results of the medical research performed during the flight of 2 crews on the "Saliut-5" orbital station].

The paper presents the results of medical examinations of the cosmonauts B. V. Volynov, V. M. Zholobov, V. V. Gorbatko and Yu. N. Glazkov during their 49- and 18-day flights aboard the orbital station Salyut-5. During the prolonged 49-day flight the cosmonauts developed symptoms of asthenization and fatigue. The medical monitoring of the cosmonauts showed increased blood filling of the head veins, increased arterial pressure and cardiac output. No significant changes were noted in the bioelectrical or contractile function of the myocardium. By the end of the flight the 49-day crewmembers showed a 4.5--7.0 kg decrease of body weight. They displayed a decline of orthostatic tolerance. This was especially marked in V. M Zholobov. Postflight biochemical changes were as usual but in the 49-day crewmembers they were more distinct. B. V. Volynov and V. M. Zholobov had moderate counts of protein and cell elements in the urine. It is concluded that space crewmembers ought to adhere strictly to their work-rest cycle and perform actively pressigned exercises.