Balota D A, Black S
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1997 Mar;25(2):190-202. doi: 10.3758/bf03201112.
In four experiments, semantic satiation was investigated in young and old adults. In the first two experiments, subjects were repeatedly presented a word (e.g., DOG) and then were presented a pair of words (e.g., DOG-CAT or DOG-CHAIR) for a relatedness decision. The results of both experiments indicated that for the young adults, the relatedness effect (the difference between response latency on related and unrelated trials) decreased as a function of the number of times the satiated word was repeated, whereas for the older adults, there was no evidence of a decrease in the relatedness effect across repetitions of the satiated word. In the third experiment, we investigated whether phonological codes are also susceptible to satiation. This experiment was similar to the first two experiments with the exception that subjects made rhyme decisions (SAME-CLAIM VS. SAME-DIME) instead of semantic relatedness decisions. The results of this experiment did not yield any evidence of satiation for either the young adults or the older adults. The final experiment eliminated a simple decrease in attentional alertness or fatigue account of the semantic satiation effects found in the first two experiments. In this experiment, the repeated word was always unrelated to the pair of words presented for the relatedness decision. The results of this experiment did not yield any evidence of semantic satiation for either the young or the older adults. The discussion focuses on the mechanisms underlying semantic satiation and the implications of age-related changes in these mechanisms.
在四项实验中，对年轻人和老年人的语义饱和现象进行了研究。在前两项实验中，向受试者反复呈现一个单词（如“DOG”），然后呈现一对单词（如“DOG - CAT”或“DOG - CHAIR”）以供其做出关联性判断。两项实验的结果均表明，对于年轻人而言，关联性效应（相关试验与不相关试验的反应潜伏期之差）随着饱和单词重复次数的增加而降低，而对于老年人来说，没有证据表明饱和单词重复呈现时关联性效应会降低。在第三个实验中，我们研究了语音代码是否也容易出现饱和现象。该实验与前两个实验类似，不同之处在于受试者要做出押韵判断（“SAME - CLAIM”与“SAME - DIME”）而非语义关联性判断。该实验结果没有为年轻人或老年人产生任何饱和现象的证据。最后一个实验排除了前两个实验中发现的语义饱和效应是由注意力警觉性简单下降或疲劳导致的可能性。在这个实验中，重复呈现的单词总是与供关联性判断的那对单词无关。该实验结果没有为年轻人或老年人产生任何语义饱和现象的证据。讨论聚焦于语义饱和背后的机制以及这些机制中与年龄相关的变化所带来的影响。
