Hirano Y
Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical College.
Nihon Rinsho. 1997 Apr;55(4):934-9.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) occurs late in the course of viral infection, mainly exanthematous diseases such as measles, chicken pox, and rubella. Postinfectious encephalomyelitis is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination, which is found in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and virus cannot be isolated from the central nervous system. The investigations using animal models infected with. Theiler's virus or measles virus would be very useful for clarifying the mechanisms of demyelination induced by viral infection. Although the incidence of postvaccinal encephalomyelitis has fallen markedly due to development of vaccines, the neurological complications following immunization are still reported. The vaccines prepared from viruses other than live-attenuated viruses and whole-killed organisms have never been proved to induce ADEM.
急性播散性脑脊髓炎（ADEM）发生于病毒感染病程后期，主要见于麻疹、水痘和风疹等出疹性疾病。感染后脑脊髓炎的特征为免疫介导的脱髓鞘，这在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）中可见，且无法从中枢神经系统分离出病毒。使用感染泰勒病毒或麻疹病毒的动物模型进行的研究，对于阐明病毒感染诱导脱髓鞘的机制非常有用。尽管由于疫苗的研发，接种后脑脊髓炎的发病率已显著下降，但免疫接种后的神经并发症仍有报道。由减毒活病毒和全灭活生物体以外的病毒制备的疫苗从未被证实可诱发ADEM。
