Lalli J S, Casey S D, Kates K
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Spring;30(1):127-36; quiz 136-7. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-127.
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) as a treatment for problem behavior has typically included (a) continuous access to reinforcers at the onset of treatment and (b) extinction. We extended research on NCR by conducting a three-phase preliminary investigation of these components. In Phase 1, a functional analysis showed that the problem behavior of 3 participants with developmental disabilities was maintained by tangible positive reinforcement. In Phase 2, treatment started with the initial NCR interval based on the latency to the first problem behavior during baseline. In Phase 3, treatment consisted of NCR without extinction to determine whether extinction was an essential treatment component. Results showed that the initial NCR schedule based on latency (Phase 2) and NCR without extinction (Phase 3) were effective for reducing rates of problem behavior compared with baseline. Findings are discussed regarding the initial schedule of reinforcement and extinction as components of NCR.
非连续性强化（NCR）作为一种针对问题行为的治疗方法，通常包括：（a）在治疗开始时持续提供强化物；（b）消退。我们通过对这些组成部分进行三阶段的初步调查，扩展了对NCR的研究。在第一阶段，功能分析表明，3名发育障碍参与者的问题行为是由有形的正强化维持的。在第二阶段，治疗从基于基线期首次出现问题行为的潜伏期确定的初始NCR间隔开始。在第三阶段，治疗包括不进行消退的NCR，以确定消退是否是一种必要的治疗成分。结果表明，与基线相比，基于潜伏期的初始NCR方案（第二阶段）和不进行消退的NCR（第三阶段）在降低问题行为发生率方面是有效的。讨论了关于作为NCR组成部分的强化和消退的初始方案的研究结果。
