Fischer M H, Rosenbaum D A, Vaughan J
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1997 Apr;23(2):404-28. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.23.2.404.
To investigate the impact of future task demands on reaching, participants performed repetitive sagittal-plane reaches at low and high speeds. In a control condition, they reached from a start location to a target and back. In the experimental conditions, they reached from the start to the target, then to a second target (the location of which varied between trials), then back to the first target, and finally back to the start. Contributions of the hip, shoulder, and elbow to reaches made to the first target depended on the second target's location, on movement speed, and on repetition. Participants combined sustained and transient postural adjustments to minimize effort. The results support the knowledge model of movement selection (D. A. Rosenbaum, L. D. Loukopoulos, R. G. M. Meulenbroek, J. Vaughan, & S. E. Engelbrecht, 1995) but also call for its elaboration. Variants of the model are explored through simulations of the above study.
为了研究未来任务需求对伸手动作的影响，参与者以低速和高速进行重复的矢状面伸手动作。在对照条件下，他们从起始位置伸到目标位置再返回。在实验条件下，他们从起始位置伸到目标位置，然后再伸到第二个目标位置（其位置在各次试验中有所不同），接着返回第一个目标位置，最后回到起始位置。髋关节、肩关节和肘关节对伸向第一个目标动作的贡献取决于第二个目标的位置、动作速度以及重复次数。参与者结合了持续和瞬时的姿势调整以尽量减少用力。研究结果支持动作选择的知识模型（D. A. 罗森鲍姆、L. D. 卢科普洛斯、R. G. M. 梅伦布罗克、J. 沃恩和S. E. 恩格尔布雷希特，1995年），但也需要对其进行完善。通过对上述研究的模拟来探索该模型的变体。
